DOI: 10.3897/rio.12.e193918

Authors: Erica Zaja, Will Brownlie, Rajabu Hamisi, Maja Arsic, Adelaide Asante, Hilary Barraclough, André Bationo, Martin Blackwell, Dana Cordell, James Elser, Oluwole Fatunbi, Kwame Frimpong, Elise Gallois, Enam Gbekor, Kailyn Harris-Gilliam, Philip Haygarth, Ludwig Hermann, Kenneth Irvine, Issy Lewis, Ning Liu, Vincent Logah, Kaushik Majumdar, Muneta Grace Manzeke-Kangara, Eric Mensah, Malika Mezeli, Michael Miyittah, Innocent Muhwezi, Frederick Otu-Larbi, Richard Padi, Kasper Reitzel, Seth Robinson, Collins Tay, Francis Tetteh, Louis Tetteh, Shamie Zingore, Bryan Spears

Abstract: Phosphorus sustains global food production and is, therefore, of crucial importance to human nutrition and health. However, its mismanagement can lead to water pollution and environmental degradation in addition to low crop yields. In many parts of sub-saharan Africa, phosphorus deficiency constrains agricultural productivity and exacerbates food insecurity. Despite these challenges, phosphorus remains a fragmented topic in global and African policy. To address these issues, the 8th Sustainable Phosphorus Summit (SPS8) was convened in Africa for the first time. SPS8 took place in Accra, Ghana, between 30th September and 3rd October 2025. The Summit was an international collaboration, with co-conveners from the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) – Ghana, the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), The UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology West Africa Office, Lancaster University and Rothamsted Research. In this paper, we give a detailed overview of the key messages and insights that emerged from highlight talks, lectures, working groups and field trips. We also discuss and reflect on the challenges of delivering an inclusive summit, from designing solutions to benefit-sharing. SPS8 demonstrates that inclusive, cross-sector knowledge-exchange events are crucial to support and enable phosphorus sustainability on the continent of Africa and globally and to enable the next generation of interdisciplinary phosphorus researchers.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e188550

Authors: Yuting Tai, Tom Bucx, Mindert de Vries, Sara Pino Cobacho, Richard Marijnissen, Iris van Dongen, Rutger van der Brugge, Åse Johannessen, Fabienne Horneman, Silvia Torresan, Elisa Furlan, Andrea Critto, Alice Stocco, Caterina Dabalà, Francesca Coccon, Paolo Comandini, Silvia Frias, Ferran Bertomeu, Carles Ibáñez, Laura Puértolas Domènech

Abstract: The REST-COAST Project (Large scale RESToration of COASTal ecosystems through rivers to sea connectivity) is an EU Horizon 2020 research project (Grant agreement No. 101037097) whose overall goal is to address with effective and innovative approaches and tools the key challenges faced by coastal ecosystem restoration across Europe. The approach chosen for this project will deliver a highly interdisciplinary contribution, with the demonstration of improved practices and techniques for hands-on ecosystem restoration across several pilot sites, supported by the co-design of innovative governance and financial arrangements, as well as an effective strategy for the dissemination of results. Work Package 4 (WP4) focuses on the development of scalable adaptation-through-restoration plans (for each pilot of REST-COAST) based on adaptation pathways that incorporate ecosystem services (ESS) and biodiversity value (BDV) from NBS building blocks. It is envisaged that these plans will be suited for upscaling restoration in coastal systems worldwide, supported by the global scale analysis of coastal risks, costs and governance performed in WP 2/3/5. Deliverable 4.3 aims at providing guidelines for building adaptationthrough-restoration pathways, based on NBS and technical measures that deliver ESS and BDV gains, tested and validated at the Pilots. When using the adaptation pathway guidelines, it is important to apply them with flexibility to accommodate the specific needs and contexts of individual pilots. While it is recommended to follow the methodology in Chapter 2—‘Generic Stepwise Approach’—to develop pathways, pilots should view these methods as flexible rather than rigid, to fit their unique restoration goals, timelines, environmental and social conditions. Chapter 3—‘Restoration Pilots’—serves as a reference to provide insight from three pilots with pilot-specific approaches to build the pathways. The guidelines should be seen as a dynamic tool that can evolve based on feedback, local stakeholder input, or new scientific data, ensuring that each pilot tailors its pathway to address local uncertainties, opportunities, and challenges.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.11.e171663

Authors: Iro Anastasopoulou, Konstantinos Kavakakis, Vasiliki Asimogiorgou, Foteini Iatrou, Dimitra Petza, Pierluigi Carbonara, George Tserpes, Francisco Alemany, Stefanos Kalogirou

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map and synthesize evidence on mitigation measures, fishing practices, and technologies to reduce endangered, threatened, and protected (ETP) species bycatch in drifting longline fisheries targeting large pelagics, summarize key concepts and findings across disciplines, and identify knowledge gaps to inform policy and research at a global scale.Introduction: Drifting longline fisheries targeting large pelagic species continue to pose a significant conservation and management challenge for ETP species. Although various types of mitigation measures, fishing practices, and technologies have been developed and utilized globally to reduce ETP bycatch, the scope and nature of field-tested evidence remain diverse and scattered.Inclusion criteria: Studies about regional measures adopted, and fishing practices and technologies tested in the field aimed at reducing ETP species in drifting longlines (LLD) for large pelagics. Both peer-reviewed and grey literature will be included. Studies published in English, Swedish, Norwegian, Greek, Spanish and Italian language and between the years 1990 and 2024 will be included. Studies related to other types of fishing gear, those that do not mention ETP species, or any type of evidence synthesis will be excluded.Methods: This scoping review will be guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Scopus and Web of Science databases will be used and complemented with grey literature sources, i.e. organisational websites and a web-based search engine. A team of four reviewers will conduct the screening and the data extraction processes. EndNote software, Covidence software, Microsoft Excel and Flourish platform will be used for data management, screening, extraction and presentation of the outputs. The results will be presented both graphically and in tabular form.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e182018

Authors: Manuel Espino, Luis Garrote, David Santillan, Xavier Sánchez-Artús, Vicente Gracia, Maria Liste, Marc Mestres, Manel Grifoll, Marta Balsells, Joanna Staneva, Benjamin Jacob, Wei Chen, Luciana Villa, Pushpa Dissanayake, Mindert de Vries, Ivan Federico, Causio Salvatore, Olivier Boutron, Christophe Briere, Rémi Caillibotte, Agustín Sánchez-Arcilla

Abstract: The REST-COAST project (Large-scale RESToration of COASTal ecosystems through rivers to sea connectivity) is a Horizon 2020 research initiative funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement No. 101037097. Its overarching aim is to restore coastal ecosystems across Europe by advancing science-based approaches to hazard mitigation and resilience, with a strong emphasis on nature-based solutions (NbS) and the sustainable delivery of ecosystem services (ESS). To meet this objective, the project adopts a multidisciplinary approach that combines modelling, monitoring, restoration, governance, and finance. Scientific development is tightly linked to practical implementation through a network of pilot sites representing diverse coastal typologies and pressures. These sites serve as laboratories for testing and validating coupled hydro-morpho-eco models capable of simulating the role of natural ecosystems in reducing risks such as coastal flooding, erosion, and saline intrusion. This deliverable, D2.1, documents the modelling work conducted under Task 2.1, focusing on present-day storm conditions. It presents the model configurations, validation procedures, and simulation outcomes used to evaluate the risk reduction potential of NbS across seven pilot sites. The work includes detailed analysis of hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes, sediment transport, and vegetation interactions, as well as the derivation of site-specific ESS indicators. The models are tailored to local physical settings and restoration goals, and have been validated against real storm events using field and remote sensing data. D2.1 provides a robust technical foundation for assessing the effectiveness and operational relevance of ecosystem-based approaches to coastal risk management. The methods and results presented here contribute to the broader REST-COAST objective of supporting adaptive, transferable, and evidence-based coastal restoration strategies throughout Europe.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.11.e176476

Authors: Tina Heger, Stella Berger, Jonathan Jeschke, Chris Kittel, Peter Kraker, A. Makower, Daniel Mietchen, Jens Nejstgaard, Maxi Schramm

Abstract: Water is vital for life on Earth, but aquatic environments worldwide are facing critical challenges that cause severe problems for biodiversity and human well-being. These challenges include, for example, water pollution, habitat degradation, escalating water and air temperatures, salinisation of freshwaters, ocean acidification and invasive species. Since these stressors interact in complex ways, developing predictions and mitigation measures is difficult. Mesocosm experiments, offering controlled, yet realistic settings, are crucial for understanding and mitigating the impact of various stressors and their combinations on aquatic ecosystems. Mesocom facilities are key Research Infrastructures (RI), as they bridge the gap between laboratory experiments and natural systems allowing studies of highly complex environments comparable to natural ecosystems, while still offering controlled and replicated settings not available in natural systems.The AQUACOSM-RI consortium, comprising over 60 individual state-of-the-art mesocosm facilities at 28 host institutions across Europe, has therefore been instrumental in advancing aquatic environmental research across climate zones including marine, brackish and freshwater ecosystems. In addition, the EU H2020-INFRAIA projects AQUACOSM (CORDIS No. 731065) and AQUACOSM-plus (CORDIS No. 871081, www.aquacosm.eu) have developed a virtual network beyond Europe of presently > 85 host institutions with > 120 aquatic mesocosm facilities around the world, www.mesocosm.org. However, the rich, yet disconnected resources in aquatic mesocosm-based experimental research and mitigation approaches need to be combined in a modern, visible and accessible way.The project AQUANAVI (Navigating Grand Challenges and their Mitigation using Aquatic Experimental RIs) aims to enhance existing efforts by creating an interactive atlas of aquatic mesocosm facilities and related mesocosm-based experimental research. Integrating data, publications, reports and information on mesocosm facility capacities generated by the AQUACOSM consortium and other mesocosm facilities in Europe and beyond, AQUANAVI will facilitate fast discovery of resources and unused potentials of available mesocosm facilities in a modern, visible and accessible way that is presently not available. Such a multidimensional tool is expected to enable novel collaborations and a much faster setup and execution of connected and/or distributed experiments and efficient development of environmental mitigation strategies. Built upon the AQUACOSM-RIs and their encompassing data and information repository as well as scientific and technical competence, while also leveraging related infrastructures like AnaEE, EMBRC, JERICO-RI and eLTER, AQUANAVI will provide a comprehensive resource platform to more effectively explore available resources for aquatic experimental research.AQUANAVI will bridge this wealth of scientific data, expertise and mesocosm facility information through Hi Knowledge, an innovative analysis and visualisation platform that merges Wikidata, Open Knowledge Maps,and Scholia. Hi Knowledge harnesses the semantic capabilities of Wikidata to rapidly construct a FAIR and open corpus for a domain, based on a sophisticated conceptual classification system. Subsequently, Hi Knowledge incorporates visualisation components from Open Knowledge Maps and Scholia, allowing researchers to smoothly navigate information using cutting-edge visualisation techniques, artificial intelligence and knowledge synthesis methods.Open and collaborative by design, AQUANAVI’s architecture will engage a broad range of research communities. By consolidating data and information from diverse RIs, the platform will leverage and enhance the AQUACOSM and related research infrastructures, securing the reusability and interoperability of existing data collections and better exploration of existing RIs in the future. Compliant with FAIR principles and EOSC requirements, AQUANAVI will ensure the long-term sustainability and openness of its resources, enriching both the ENVRI services portfolio and the broader scientific community. In summary, AQUANAVI will empower researchers and stakeholders to implement measures to mitigate the effects of climate change and other Grand Challenges facing aquatic environments, serving as a key resource within and beyond the European research area.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.11.e176120

Authors: Christos Arvanitidis, Olga Ameixa, Alberto Basset, Eva Chatzinikolaou, Claudia Coman, Berta Companys, Francesco De Leo, Klaas Deneudt, Federico Drago, John Eriksson, Tiziana Ferrari, Teodor Georgiev, Giovanni Giuliano, Stefan Gruber, Jens Habermann, Katharina Heil, Tim Hubbard, Cristina Huertas Olivares, Georgios Kotoulas, Dimitris Koureas, Natalia Manola, Vanessa Marrocco, Nicolas Pade, Ana Portugal Melo, Antonello Provenzale, Fotis Psomopoulos, Niels Raes, Susie Robinson, Patrick Ruch, Dick Schaap, Adrian Stanica, Tassos Stavropoulos, Heliana Teixeira, Peter van Tienderen, Costas Tsigenopoulos, Robert Waterhouse, Giuseppe Aprea, Michel Boër, Ana Casino, Laurent Delauney, Jonathan Ewbank, Ana Lillebø, Michael Mirtl, Jana Pavlic-Zupanc, Lyubomir Penev, Jaume Piera, Paraskevi Pitta, Ingrid Puillat, David Richter, Diana Stepanyan, Anton Ussi, Jan Węsławski, Gabriela Zuquim

Abstract: The interdependence of human, animal, plant and ecosystem health necessitates systemic, cross-domain collaboration to address global challenges, such as emerging diseases, climate change and biodiversity severe change. Through the Crete Declaration, Europe’s (e-)infrastructures, organisations and projects that focus on the functioning of our biosphere commit to jointly advancing the One Health approach. In doing so, the signatories aim to strengthen Europe’s resilience and leadership through the sharing of data and expertise, the development of innovative solutions and the promotion of evidence-based policies.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.11.e174994

Authors: Bernabé Moreno, Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark, Katherine Dunlop, David Barnes, Bodil Bluhm, Markus Molis, Amanda Ziegler, Jack Longsden, Ainsley Hatt, Èric Jordà Molina, Terri Souster

Abstract: Predicting how benthic assemblages respond to ocean warming remains a central challenge in marine ecology. Artificial units of habitat such as settlement plates have long been used to study marine lithophilic assemblage dynamics under natural and experimental conditions. Recently, heated settlement plate (HSPl) experiments have been deployed in polar and temperate seas to simulate likely near-future thermal regimes in situ. We convened a one-day hybrid workshop bringing together researchers who pioneered HSPl approaches with a broader international community of benthic researchers including project managers, senior scientists and early career researchers. The workshop aimed to: i) share experiences and outcomes from existing HSPl deployments; ii) identify technical and logistical challenges; iii) prioritise emerging research questions and applications; and iv) scope pathways for future collaborations and funding. Participants outlined desirable minimum standards for imaging and metadata in HSPl photosampling, compared design choices and replication strategies; and highlighted context-specific considerations for polar vs. temperate sites (e.g. ice scouring, permitting frameworks, diver safety considerations). A preliminary research agenda was developed spanning community assembly processes, trait-mediated responses, priority effects under warming and the integration of HSPl imagery with automated pipelines for analysis and data FAIRness. The workshop represents a first step towards building a cohesive global network to coordinate cross-site experiments, promote open protocols and data sharing and enable meta-analyses that will strengthen the understanding of how marine environmental change affects lithophilic assemblages across ecosystems.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e175173

Authors: Cristina Galván, Elvira Ramos, Araceli Puente

Abstract: Coastal zones are complex socio-ecological systems that present significant challenges for sustainable management. In this study, a bow-tie approach was applied to the coast of Cantabria to analyse the connections between drivers of change, biodiversity loss, and socio-economic consequences. The two most prominent drivers identified by stakeholders were large-scale tourism and harbour infrastructure development. These were associated with biodiversity impacts, including species and habitat loss, and the spread of non-native invasive species facilitated by human activities. Stakeholders and scientists identified multiple consequences of biodiversity change across ecological, social, economic, and governance dimensions. Based on the bow-tie analysis, a set of prevention and mitigation measures was proposed to enhance governance responses and reduce biodiversity-related damage in the study area.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e173903

Authors: Cristina Galván, Elvira Ramos, Araceli Puente

Abstract: Coastal zones are complex socio-ecological systems that present significant challenges for sustainable management. In this study, a bow-tie approach was applied to the coast of Cantabria to analyse the connections between drivers of change, biodiversity loss, and socio-economic consequences. The two most prominent drivers identified by stakeholders were large-scale tourism and harbour infrastructure development. These were associated with biodiversity impacts, including species and habitat loss, and the spread of non-native invasive species facilitated by human activities. Stakeholders and scientists identified multiple consequences of biodiversity change across ecological, social, economic, and governance dimensions. Based on the bow-tie analysis, a set of prevention and mitigation measures was proposed to enhance governance responses and reduce biodiversity-related damage in the study area.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e173693

Authors: Tom Breeze, W. Daniel Kissling, Maria Lumbierres, Joana Santana, Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez, Roy Van Grunsven, Tim Hirsch, Tree Robionson, Simon Potts, Ian McCallum, Ute Jandt, Cesar Capinha, Jessica Junker, Pavel Stoev, Camino Liquete, Henrique M. Pereira

Abstract: Although biodiversity monitoring costs are widely cited as a constraint, there have been very few assessments of these costs and even fewer studies have assessed the potential benefits of this monitoring. Here, we synthesise available evidence, alongside a comprehensive assessment of the costs of proposed biodiversity monitoring to explore the relative costs, benefits risks and opportunities in biodiversity monitoring. We find that the costs of biodiversity monitoring, €0.5bn-€3.6bn/year, are greatly outweighed by the combined economic benefits and opportunities arising from the availability of co-ordinated, high-quality data, which are estimated to be >€25.2bn/year.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.11.e163757

Authors: Geraint Tarling, E Abrahamsen, Yevgeny Aksenov, Madeline Anderson, Carol Arrowsmith, Chelsey Baker, Chris Barry, Anna Belcher, Mar Benavides, Milo Bischof, Emma Boland, Mike Bowes, J Brearley, Peter Brown, Amanda Burson, Sammie Buzzard, Nathan Callaghan, Arthur Coët, Kathryn Cook, Sarah Coombs, Chris Evans, Sophie Fielding, Elaina Ford, Isabelle Fournier, Jennifer Freer, E Garcia-Martin, VR Ghosh, Sarah Giering, Alanna Grant, Huw Griffiths, Ruta Hamilton, Katharine Hendry, Simeon Hill, Nathan Hubot, Aidan Hunter, Nadine Johnston, Anna Katavouta, Ezra Kitson, Melanie Leng, Isabel Lewis, Katrin Linse, Stephen Lofts, Clara Manno, Adrian Martin, Alice Marzocchi, Edward Mawji, Daniel Mayor, Rebecca McKenzie, Andrew Meijers, Michael Meredith, David Munday, M Pereira, Alexandra O'Brien, Justyna Olszewska, Stuart Painter, Julien Palmiéri, Shailee Patel, Amy Pickard, Jessica Richt, Stefanie Rynders, Rachael Sanders, Ryan Saunders, Andrew Shepherd, Thomas Slater, Bryan Spears, Gabriele Stowasser, Amy Swiggs, Laura Taylor, Petra ten Hoopen, Sally Thorpe, Tracey Timms-Wilson, Maud van Soest, Hugh Venables, Zoe Wright, Andrew Yool, Emma Young

Abstract: The export of elements (particularly carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) from the Poles critically supports global marine biodiversity and major fisheries as well as the sequestration of atmospheric carbon to the deep ocean. Ecosystem processes regulate this export, but major uncertainties remain in terms of how and by how much. Progress on understanding key ecosystem interactions is hindered by lack of data and their representation in Earth system models is poor. The two polar regions share similarities in environmental extremes which make them sensitive to the impacts of climate change. They both receive nutrients from multiple and diverse sources and the delivery of these nutrients to other oceans is regulated by similar ecosystem processes. However, the extent to which these ecosystem processes will be modified by climate change is unclear and urgently needs to be determined. BIOPOLE will determine how polar ecosystems regulate the balance of carbon and nutrients in the world’s oceans and, through it, their effect on global fish stocks and carbon storage. It will address this challenge by integrating ambitious fieldwork campaigns and innovative modelling in a multidisciplinary and highly coordinated approach. BIOPOLE will capitalise on world-leading capabilities and infrastructure in ocean and high-latitude research, including cutting-edge land-based facilities, state-of-the-art polar research vessels and innovative autonomous instrumentation. Collaboration with national and international partners will further strengthen BIOPOLE’s multidisciplinary approach and efficient use of infrastructure. BIOPOLE’s legacy will be the first assessment of the global impact of polar ecosystems on biogeochemical cycling and fish stocks; technologically-novel approaches and strong partnerships between leading international science groups.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.11.e168765

Authors: Christos Arvanitidis, Boris Barov, Montserrat Gonzalez Ferreiro, Gabriela Zuquim, Declan Kirrane, Cristina Huertas Olivares, Federico Drago, Nicolas Pade, Alberto Basset, Klaas Deneudt, Dimitrios Koureas, Natalia Manola, Daniel Mietchen, Ana Casino, Lyubomir Penev, Yannis Ioannidis

Abstract: This white paper represents the collective perspectives of a network of legal entities based in Europe and with global interests, which includes biodiversity, ecology, and engineering communities, aiming to strengthen Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) efforts toward achieving the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With their combined expertise and through European initiatives such as the Research Infrastructures, the e-Infrastructures, the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC), the Digital Twin projects and academic publishers, these communities provide a base for collaboration in strategically contributing to the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets. Furthermore, these communities seek to forge an international alliance to further integrate biodiversity conservation into the UN Summit of the Future priorities and the post-SDG agenda.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e167290

Authors: Jurate Lesutiene, Andrius Šiaulys, Arturas Razinkovas-Baziukas

Abstract: This study employs a bow-tie risk analysis framework to examine four critical biodiversity loss processes in Lithuanian coastal waters: blue mussel decline, commercial fishery stock reduction, dune habitat loss, and eutrophication. The framework identifies human activities, resulting pressures, preventive controls, mitigation measures, and consequences across ecological, economic, and social dimensions. The analysis reveals distinct temporal patterns of risk occurrence. The invasive round goby caused rapid blue mussel eradication, with ineffective monitoring and preventive controls leading to habitat degradation and ecosystem service losses. Commercial fishery stocks, particularly cod and pikeperch, have experienced long-term decline due to overfishing combined with climate change impacts, resulting in economic losses and trophic cascade effects. Coastal dune habitats require continuous management to maintain their UNESCO cultural landscape status, with climate change and tourism presenting significant pressures. Finally, eutrophication remains a persistent challenge, with Lithuania still needing substantial nutrient reduction to meet Baltic Sea Action Plan targets. Climate change further complicates management efforts across all four areas. The study highlights the effectiveness of the bow-tie approach in integrating diverse stakeholder perspectives and identifying critical control points for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management in coastal environments.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e167392

Authors: Anita Franco, Katie Smyth, Michael Elliott

Abstract: Marine biodiversity is adversely affected by many human activities and their pressures. As such, there is the need for a cause-consequence-response method to objectively address the risks associated with those adverse changes. Such a method is the ISO-accredited Bow-tie technique as an objective and structured approach giving the causes, preventative control measures, mitigation and compensation measures and consequences of changes to biodiversity. Here, the Bow-tie method underpinned by the cause-consequence-response DAPSI(W)R(M) framework was used and adapted to help managers map out risks to biodiversity requiring management of the human activities and their relevant pressures, in specific case study areas (termed Broad Belt Transects, BBTs). Instead of using restrictive proprietary software, a more-flexible template framework was developed in Microsoft PowerPoint to allow a broad user base. This employed standardised lists of elements (and further adapted during the application process) allowing the development of unique, but standardised and directly comparable Bow-ties for all BBTs. The methods of developing the template and standardised lists are described together with the techniques used to help quantify this usually qualitative approach. The successful application of the Bow-tie method in case studies from the European seas shows the adaptability of this approach in ways wider than the original policy-driven risk-assessment use. Although designed for European seas, the approach and standardised lists are sufficiently generic for adoption in wider areas worldwide.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e167014

Authors: Dorota Kołbuk, Julie Bremner, Ashley Cahillane, Valentina Di Gennaro, Tasman Crowe

Abstract: In this study we apply the bow-tie risk analysis framework to map the causes and consequences of decline or loss of five key Irish Sea ecosystem components: intertidal sandflats and mudflats, burrowing fauna including Dublin Bay prawn Nephrops norvegicus, blue mussel Mytilus edulis, commercially harvested fish, and wintering waterbirds. Main activities exerting multiple pressures on the Irish Sea ecosystem include energy production from offshore wind farms, tourism and leisure, fishing, transport, agriculture, urban and industrial uses, and waste treatment and disposal. All of them can contribute to decline in condition or loss of critical habitats and biota, leading to significant ecological, economic and sociocultural consequences. Understanding these consequences is essential for designing appropriate management responses. The bow-tie approach allows to identify management risks and highlights the most impactful control points for intervention to prevent or mitigate adverse biodiversity events.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e166451

Authors: Lorenzo Latini, Giorgio Massaro, Stefania Coppa, Jacopo Giampaoletti, Giuseppe de Lucia, Alessia Dinoi, Paolo Magni

Abstract: The Gulf of Oristano Area, located on the central-western coast of Sardinia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea), is a highly diverse and ecologically valuable region. This area features a mosaic of habitats, supports rich biodiversity, and sustains traditional fishing practices. It is also protected under various international and EU conservation frameworks. However, despite its ecological importance, the Gulf Area faces growing pressures from human activities such as overfishing, eutrophication, habitat loss, and the introduction of non-native species. This study applies a bow-tie risk analysis framework to identify key drivers, pressures, and consequences associated with three central ecological events: species decline and loss, habitat change, and increased competition with non-native species. Stakeholder consultations and standardized classification systems inform the assessment, highlighting the interplay between legal fishing, tourism, aquaculture, pollution, and infrastructure development. The analysis identifies both prevention and mitigation measures, such as spatial planning, environmental monitoring, citizen science, and sustainable tourism and fisheries initiatives. While the environmental regulation of the Gulf of Oristano Area provides a basis for ecosystem protection, persistent challenges – such as enforcement, fragmented governance, and low stakeholder engagement – hinder effectiveness. To ensure ecological integrity and socio-economic resilience in the central-western Sardinian coast, this study underscores the need for strengthened integrated coastal zone management, alignment with EU strategies, and investment in adaptive and participatory conservation approaches.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.11.e163815

Authors: Gonzalo Bravo, Gregorio Bigatti, Mariana Lozada, Luke Thompson, Juan Livore, María Mendez, Lorena Arribas, Lino Bigatti, Tyler Christian, Erasmo Macaya, Edgardo Londoño-Cruz, Nicolas Moity, Juan Cruz-Motta, Augusto Flores, Gabriela Vélez-Rubio, Maria Palomo, Cesar Cordeiro, Franciane Pellizzari, Maritza Cárdenas-Calle, La Daana Kanhai, Ivonne Vivar Linares, Patricia Gil-Kodaka, Linsey Martinez, Pablo Sugliano, Agostina Trigo, Juan Zottola, Dulce Blanco, Matias Tricase, Nadia Bravo, Mariana Degrati, Camila Tavano Formigo, Frank Muller-Karger, Enrique Montes

Abstract: The Marine Biodiversity Observation Network Pole to Pole of the Americas (MBON Pole to Pole) brought together 30 participants from 10 countries in Patagonia, Argentina, to strengthen observing capacity of coastal biodiversity across the Americas. The network held a five-day workshop focused on three core components: standardized rocky intertidal photo-quadrat surveys, low-cost environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling, and affordable plankton imaging tools. Participants included researchers, park rangers, and conservation practitioners fostering a collaborative and inclusive environment. Key outcomes included field validation of protocols, identification of context-specific methodological adaptations (e.g., for low tidal amplitude areas), adoption of novel tools for monitoring marine life, and strategies for broader participation and data harmonization. The workshop highlighted the potential of simple, replicable methods to support long-term monitoring, and emphasized the value of shared protocols, tools, and open data for building a more connected and resilient regional observation network.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e163734

Authors: Tiina Salo, Marie C. Nordström

Abstract: The Archipelago Sea in the northern Baltic Sea suffers from multistressor perturbations, including ones related to local nutrient loading as well as consequences from global climate change. In this study, we use the bow-tie risk analysis framework to examine and illustrate how these drivers, eutrophication and climate change, contribute to biodiversity loss and associated implications of this in the Archipelago Sea. The bow-tie approach indicates both causes and ecological, economic, and social consequences of a problem as well as measures to prevent and mitigate the identified causes and consequences. For the Archipelago Sea, the bow-tie approach illustrated highly interlinked impacts of agriculture and aquaculture-driven eutrophication and climate change in degrading marine communities in the Northern Baltic Sea. Similarly, the consequences of this biodiversity loss were complex and highly interlinked. Many of the marine communities in the study area are highly connected, and as this may propagate the degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services, future assessments should aim to include both trophic and non-trophic interactions in the bow-tie risk analysis. The study also highlights the need to prevent and mitigate multiple drivers of biodiversity loss simultaneously in order to reduce and stop the ongoing degradation of marine habitats and the ecosystem services they support.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.11.e154645

Authors: Michael Meredith, Katharine Hendry, E. Povl Abrahamsen, J. Alexander Brearley, Emma Young, David Munday, Hugh Venables, Anna Hogg, Benjamin Wallis, Katrien Van Landeghem, Filipa Carvalho, Andrew Yool, Amber Annett, Alberto Naveira Garabato, Mark Inall, Katy Sheen, Andrew Fleming, Estelle Dumont, Oskar Głowacki, Carlos Moffat, Neil Fraser, Sarah Gille, Matthew Alford, Rebecca Jackson, Katherine Retallick

Abstract: Mixing of the ocean around Antarctica is a key process that exerts influences over large scales and in multiple ways. By redistributing heat in the ocean, it exerts strong influences on the Antarctic Ice Sheet, with implications for sea level rise globally. Similarly, the redistribution of ocean heat affects the production of sea ice in winter and its melt in summer, with consequences for climate. Mixing also affects the distribution of nutrients in the ocean, with direct impacts on the marine ecosystem and biodiversity and with consequences for fisheries.It was long thought that mixing of the seas close to Antarctica was predominantly caused by winds, tides and the loss of heat from the ocean especially in winter. However, we recently discovered that when glaciers calve in Antarctica, they can trigger underwater tsunamis. These are large (multi-metre) waves that move rapidly away from the coastline and when they break, they cause sudden bursts of very intense mixing. Simple calculations indicated that the net impact of these underwater tsunamis could be as strong as winds, and much more important than tides, in driving mixing. It was also argued that they are likely to be relevant everywhere that glaciers calve into the sea, including Greenland and across the Arctic. As our ocean and atmosphere continue to heat up, it is very possible that glacier calving will become more frequent and intensify, increasing further the impact of underwater tsunamis on large-scale climate, the cryosphere and ecosystems.This is an exciting new avenue of scientific investigation and many key questions remain unanswered. We need to know how widespread and frequent the generation of underwater tsunamis is, how far they travel from the coastline before breaking, and how variable this is. We need to measure what impacts the extra mixing has on ocean temperature and nutrient concentrations, and to determine what this means for the cryosphere and ocean productivity. There is a pressing need to include the effects of underwater tsunamis in the computer models that are used for projecting future ocean climate and ecosystem conditions and to determine the feedbacks between climate change and the generation of more underwater tsunamis.To answer these questions, our project will deploy innovative techniques for measuring the ocean and ice in close proximity to a calving glacier, including robotic underwater vehicles and remotely-piloted aircraft, and cutting-edge deep-learning techniques applied to satellite data. We will use advanced computer simulations to fully understand the causal mechanisms responsible for the creation and spread of the underwater tsunamis and their impacts on ocean climate and marine productivity. We will make our developments in computer simulation available to the whole community of users, for widespread uptake and future use.This project will have significant benefits for academics seeking to predict the future of Antarctica and its impacts on the rest of the world, for Governments and intergovernmental agencies seeking to understand how best to respond to climate change, and for the curious general public wanting to learn more about the extremes of the planet and why they matter. The fieldwork will be especially photo- and video-genic and will lead to outstanding outreach and impact opportunities, and we will work with media agencies seeking to tell compelling stories about the extremes of the Earth.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e157676

Authors: Davide Raho, Andrea Tarallo, Ilaria Rosati

Abstract: This poster presents the ParAqua database, the first structured initiative aimed at centralising and harmonising data on zoosporic parasites of algae by integrating in situ observations, genetic data from NCBI, and literature sources. The database includes standardised information on parasite and host taxonomy, observation variables, genetic identifiers, and bibliographic metadata. Built with controlled vocabularies (Darwin Core, LifeWatch Traits Thesaurus, Dublin Core), the platform features a user-friendly web application offering structured query tools, a navigable data table, CSV downloads, and a stateless RESTful API for programmatic access. This resource supports researchers in identifying knowledge gaps and advancing parasitological and ecological studies. This work was presented as a poster at the CNR-IRET Conference held in Rome, February 18–19, 2025.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.11.e146649

Authors: Lachlan Fetterplace, Emilia Benavente Norrman, Kristin Öhman, Filip Bohlin, Lisa Sörman, Daniel Rooth, Peter Ljungberg, Sara Königson

Abstract: Electronic monitoring (EM) using video cameras is valuable for documenting fisheries catch and bycatch, but it remains challenging to implement in small-scale fisheries. Current barriers include high costs, technical installation needs and limited power supply on small vessels. In addition, as most EM systems on the market are difficult to quickly move between vessels, they do not allow for random data collection, which may be required to obtain reliable estimates of bycatch across a fleet. Basic EM systems available, designed for use in small-scale fisheries, are image-based, have low frame rates and are not always capable of recording in high enough video quality to identify species with high precision.The Swedish small-scale fishery consists of over 700 boats (under 12 m length), with key target species including cod, herring, sprat and flatfish. To meet monitoring requirements and to gather sufficient data for machine-learning applications, we created the HafsAuga MobileEM: a low-cost mobile multi-camera, GPS and remote data offload system for recording data on fisheries catch, bycatch and effort. It records video (up to 60 fps), is compact (~ 2 kg) and deployable in under 30 minutes. Designed to be simple to operate and install, it is modifiable and allows users to connect to a vessel's 12v power or to an internal battery to record high-quality video footage continuously for over a week. This system is ideal for use in small-scale fisheries and also well-suited to situations where fleets need to be randomly sampled by quickly moving EM systems between vessels.Here, we describe the HafsAuga MobileEM system and outline its use in Sweden, where it has been in use since 2020. To date, twenty Swedish vessels have had mobile systems mounted on them and over 1000 fishing days have been successfully recorded. The HafsAuga MobileEM provides an innovative new EM tool with potential applications in fisheries in other regions.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.10.e134825

Authors: Tom August, Mario Balzan, Paul Bodesheim, Gunnar Brehm, Lisette Cantú-Salazar, Sílvia Castro, Joseph Chipperfield, Guillaume Ghisbain, Alba Gomez-Segura, Jérémie Goulnik, Quentin Groom, Laurens Hogeweg, Chantal Huijbers, Andreas Kamilaris, Karolis Kazlauskis, Wouter Koch, Dimitri Korsch, João Loureiro, Youri Martin, Angeliki Martinou, Kent McFarland, Xavier Mestdagh, Denis Michez, Charlie Outhwaite, Luca Pegoraro, Nadja Pernat, Lars Pettersson, Pavel Pipek, Cristina Preda, David Rolnick, Tobias Roth, David Roy, Helen Roy, Veljo Runnel, Martina Sasic, Dmitry Schigel, Julie Sheard, Cecilie Svenningsen, Heliana Teixeira, Nicolas Titeux, Thomas Tscheulin, Elli Tzirkalli, Marijn van der Velde, Roel van Klink, Nicolas Vereecken, Sarah Vray, Toke Thomas Høye

Abstract: The InsectAI COST action will support insect monitoring and conservation at the national and continental scale in order to understand and counteract widespread insect declines. The Action will bring together a critical mass of researchers and stakeholders in image-based insect AI technologies to direct and drive the research agenda, build research capacity across Europe and support innovation and application.There is mounting evidence that populations of insects around the world are in sharp decline. Understanding trends in species and their drivers is key to knowing the size of the challenge, its causes and how to address it. To identify solutions that lead to sustainable biodiversity alongside economic prosperity, insect monitoring should be efficient and provide standardised and frequently updated status indicators to guide conservation actions.The EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030 identifies the critical challenge of delivering standardised information about the state of nature and image-based insect AI can contribute to this. Specifically, the EU Nature Restoration Law will likely set binding targets for the high resolution data that cameras can provide. Thus, outputs of the Action will contribute directly to EU policies implementation, where biodiversity monitoring is considered a key component.The InsectAI COST Action will organise workshops, conferences, short-term scientific missions, hackathons, design-sprints and much more, across four Working Groups. These groups will address how image-based insect AI technologies can best address Societal Needs, support innovation in Image Collection hardware, create standardised approaches for Image Processing and develop novel Data Analysis and Integration methods for turning data into actionable insights.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.10.e127927

Authors: Hideyuki Doi, Tatsuya Saito

Abstract: Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has transformed our understanding of aquatic ecosystems, but traditional methods often lack insights into organismal health. The emerging field of environmental protein (eProtein) analysis offers a novel approach to monitoring the physiological status of aquatic organisms. Recent advancements in proteomic technologies have enabled the detection and characterization of stress-responsive proteins in water samples, providing valuable insights into organismal health and environmental stressors. This perspective paper explores the potential of eProtein analysis for monitoring aquatic organism health, disease dynamics and reproductive cycles. Methodological advancements in protein extraction and mass spectrometry have enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of eProtein analysis, facilitating comprehensive molecular profiling and biomarker identification. By integrating eProtein analysis into aquaculture management and environmental monitoring, researchers can proactively manage fish health, mitigate disease outbreaks and safeguard aquatic ecosystems. Future research directions include refining extraction methods, establishing standardized protocols and leveraging interdisciplinary collaborations to maximize the potential of eProtein analysis for aquatic research and conservation.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e131654

Authors: Grace Kotnik, Lisa Morales, Bastiaan Willem Ibelings, Mridul Thomas, Alena Gsell, Dedmer van de Waal

Abstract: Poster showing the experimental design for a laboratory assay for sinking rates of chytrid infected diatom Asterionella formosa.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.10.e130474

Authors: Gabriela Ioana-Toroimac

Abstract: Our report synthesizes information on (i) restoration projects along the Lower Danube River in order to show their hydrological effects and (ii) reference conditions of sites in order to better understand the evolution of riparian wetlands under present-day conditions.Our report (i) concluded on the difficulty to successfully restore the hydrology of the Lower Danube wetlands and (ii) pointed out restrictive factors for the terrestrialization of wetlands and islands in reference conditions.Overall, the report is a state of the art that shows a general picture of the present-day hydrological conditions of the Lower Danube’s wetlands.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e128742

Authors: Tena Radočaj, Oliver Barić, Serena Rasconi, Irena Vardić, Jurica Jug-Dujaković, Ana Gavrilović

Abstract: One of the biggest challenges in the microalgae industry is the lack of reliable methods to detect and avoid biological contaminants, including parasites, which can affect cell growth and consequently lead to crash of the culture. In recent years, the metabarcoding approach has been widely used to study diversity and distribution of microalgae communities and is also a promising tool for contaminant detection in routine biomonitoring. The aim of this article presents steps of DNA extraction for molecular analysis of microalgae communities.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e124344

Authors: Milos Stupar, Wejden Gongi, Silke Van den Wyngaert, Alexandra Kraberg, Albert Reñé, Serena Rasconi

Abstract: The objective of this methodological paper is to outline a microscopy protocol for detecting and observing fungal zoosporic parasites of phytoplankton in natural environments, with potential applications in algal biotechnology to enhance the success and sustainability of algal cultivation endeavors. The fluorescent dual staining with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Calcofluor White (CFW) showcased during the Training School "Identification and detection of zoosporic parasites" in Neuglobsow (Germany) from 16th till 18th of May 2023 and organized and funded by COST Action ParAqua (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) illustrated its ease of implementation and suitability for diverse natural and artificial systems.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e115410

Authors: Fausto Favero, Lieke Hüsken, Jochen Hinkel, Heleen Vreugdenhi, Umberto Pernice, Michael Sedlmeier

Abstract: This deliverable is the first contribution of Work Package 3 to the REST-COAST Project. The overarching purpose of REST-COAST is to provide the tools to address some of the key challenges faced by coastal ecosystems restoration. To achieve this objective, REST-COAST will improve coastal restoration practice and techniques through new hands-on restoration pilot projects, co-design effective governance arrangements and policies, and generate new tools and data for risk reduction assessment. In addition to these activities, Work Package 3 will design innovative financial arrangements and bankable business plans to support the implementation and thescaling up of coastal ecosystem restoration.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e115409

Authors: Gabriela Popova, Iliyana Demirova, Boris Barov

Abstract: The main goals of WP6 Dissemination, exploitation and social transformation tools, are to establish and maintain a distinct project identity, as well as to maximise the impact of project results by marketing andcommunicating them to stakeholders and the broader public. To ensure the efficient communication, Pensoft has developed a number of promotional materials reflecting the REST-COAST corporate identity, aswell as a project website.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e114825

Authors: Carles Ibáñez, Alba Alemany, Ferran Bertomeu, Silvia Frias, Judith Molero, Roberto Merciai, Laura Puertolas

Abstract: Coastal regions provide some of the most productive and biodiverse environments with an important and often underappreciated carbon storage potential. At the same time, they are among the areas of highest population density, natural assets, and cultural heritage in the world, yet are experiencing significant social, economic and environmental challenges, exacerbated by climate change and human pressures.The Rest-Coast Project (Large scale RESToration of COASTal ecosystems through rivers to sea connectivity) is an EU Horizon 2020 research project (Grant agreement No. 101037097) whose overall goal is to address with effective and innovative tools the key challenges faced by coastal ecosystem restoration across Europe. The approach chosen for this project will deliver a highly interdisciplinary contribution, with the demonstration of improved practices and techniques for hands-on ecosystem restoration across several pilot sites, supported by the co-design of innovative governance and financial arrangements, as well as an effective strategy for the dissemination of results.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e114824

Authors: Carla Danelutti, Emmi Lindqvist, Maria del Mar Otero, Mindert de Vries, Albert Vos, Nuno Caiola, Vicente Gracia, Nil Alvarez, Laura Puertolas, Jaime Ordonez, Silvia Torresan, Caterina Dabalà, Francesca Coccon, Grzegorz Różyński, Nikolay Valchev, Nataliya Andreeva, Elitsa Hineva, Olivier Boutron, Rosaria Ester Musumeci, Massimiliano Marino, Christophe Briere, Julien Dalle, Margot Defoort-Levkov, Margot Ahr, Yael Salame-Rubin, Simon Nemtzov, Avi Uzan

Abstract: Coastal regions provide some of the most productive and biodiverse environments with an important and often underappreciated carbon storage potential. At the same time, they are among the areas of highest population density, natural assets and cultural heritage in the world, yet are experiencing significant social, economic and environmental challenges, exacerbated by climate change and human pressures.The REST-COAST project (Large scale RESToration of COASTal ecosystems through rivers to sea connectivity) will demonstrate to what extent upscaled coastal restoration can provide a low-carbon adaptation, reducing risks and providing gains in biodiversity for vulnerable coastal ecosystems, such as wetlands or sea grass beds. By overcoming present technical, economic, governance and social barriers to restoration upscaling, REST-COAST will develop the large scale river-coast connectivity and increase the nearshore accommodation space for the resilient delivery of coastal ecosystem services (ESs). The selected ESs (risk reduction, environmental quality and fish provisioning) touch urgent coastal problems such as the erosion/flooding during recent storms or the accelerating coastal habitat degradation that seriously affects fisheries and aquaculture. Combining new techniques, risk assessments, innovative financial/governance arrangements and homogeneous metrics for ESs and biodiversity, REST-COAST will develop a systemic approach to coastal restoration based on a scalable coastal adaptation plan.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e106475

Authors: Christos Arvanitidis, Alberto Basset, Thierry Carval, Katrina Exter, Nicola Fiore, Alessandra Giorgetti, Juan Miguel González-Aranda, Mark Hebden, Georgios Kotoulas, Joaquín López Lérida, Rory Meyer, Nikos Minadakis, Matthias Obst, Nicolas Pade, Christina Pavloudi, Marc Portier, Ioulia Santi, Dick Schaap, Peter Thijsse, Lucia Vaira, Cristina Huertas Olivares

Abstract: This Science Project (SP) contributes to the estimation of the impacts of the invasive species on the European Biodiversity and Ecosystems. This topic is important for European Green Deal and the new European Biodiversity Strategy. The SP is also linked with the socio-economic issues because of the NIS implications to the local ecosystems and their services, and their societal goods and services. Since many of the above impacts may be of local scale, they may alter common practices in circular economies. The SP is implemented by: (a) Combining different sources of data and information; (b) Using a dual workflow to analyse the data; (c) Integrating its resources with core EOSC services and potentially horizontal services available; (d) Engaging the relevant scientific communities. The users will be able to: (a) Analyse distribution patterns of invasive species from different sources of data; (b) Compare the above patterns; (c) Provide managerial suggestions to relevant authorities; (d) Build on the existing infrastructure to address more complex questions (e.g. future scenarios).

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e106369

Authors: Christos Arvanitidis, Ron Dekker, Andreas Petzold, Niklas Blomberg, Giovanni Lamanna, Rudolf Dimper, Cristina Isabel Huertas Olivares, Ana Mellado, Matthew Viljoen, Sally Chambers, Montserrat González, Sophie Viscido

Abstract: The Special Collection of articles on the Science Projects of the EOSC Future project, funded by the European Commission, refers to one of the essential components of the project. This editorial article explains how the Science Projects fit to the EOSC Future, the way their concept has been developed and evolved during the preparation and the implementation of the project and it also makes an introduction to the templates developed by the Science Projects as a plan to carry out their activities.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e104251

Authors: Hannah Moersberger, Juliette G. C. Martin, Jessi Junker, Ivelina Georgieva, Joachim Maes, Ian McCallum, Henrique M. Pereira, Aletta Bonn

Abstract: In order to assess user and policy needs related to biodiversity monitoring and data, the EuropaBON project invited national experts to fill in this survey in August 2021. The survey was tailored to the national level and aimed at identifying current monitoring efforts, data flows from collection to reporting, data uptake by policymaking, challenges and roadblocks, as well as biodiversity variables and indicators for a desirable future. On behalf of the European Commission (DG Environment) and EuropaBON, the surveys were sent out to all national focal points of the European Environment Information and Observation Network (Eionet) as well as key national agencies. Eionet is a partnership network of the European Environment Agency (EEA) and its 38 member and cooperating countries to gather and develop data, knowledge, and advice to policy makers about Europe's environment. The results of our surveys form the basis for the analysis of the EuropaBON User and Policy Needs Assessment (DOI) and inform the design of the Europa Biodiversity Observation Network and its work programme. We published the original responses of survey sections A and B in the annex of the User and Policy Needs Assessment. Responses of section C were synthesised in the assessment.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e104168

Authors: Hannah Moersberger, Juliette G. C. Martin, Jessi Junker, Ivelina Georgieva, Joachim Maes, Ian McCallum, Henrique M. Pereira, Aletta Bonn

Abstract: In order to assess user and policy needs related to biodiversity monitoring and data, the EuropaBON project invited European experts to fill in this survey in August 2021. The survey was tailored to the European level and aimed at identifying current monitoring efforts, data flows from collection to reporting, data uptake by policymaking, challenges and roadblocks, as well as biodiversity variables and indicators for a desirable future. On behalf of the European Commission (DG Environment) and EuropaBON, the surveys were sent out to key European agencies (e.g., DG ENV, DG AGRI, DG CLIMA, EEA, Eurostat, Biodiversa+). The results of our surveys form the basis for the analysis of the EuropaBON User and Policy Needs Assessment (DOI) and inform the design of the Europa Biodiversity Observation Network and its work programme. We published the original responses of survey sections A and B in the annex of the User and Policy Needs Assessment. Responses of section C were synthesised in the assessment.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e102530

Authors: Jessi Junker, Pedro Beja, Lluís Brotons, Miguel Fernandez, Néstor Fernández, W. Daniel Kissling, Maria Lumbierres, Anne Lyche Solheim, Joachim Maes, Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez, Francisco Moreira, Martin Musche, Joana Santana, Jose Valdez, Henrique Pereira

Abstract: EuropaBON harnesses the power of modelling Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) to integrate different reporting streams, data sources, and monitoring schemes, and measure biodiversity change across multiple dimensions in space and time. Therefore, EBVs are at the core of the project and form the basis for several of the tasks feeding into the co-design of a biodiversity monitoring system for Europe. In this document, we describe the stepwise process of identifying and specifying the EBVs in the EBV list presented in this deliverable. We further provide a summary of the characteristics of the EBVs identified for EuropaBON, in terms of their desired spatial- and temporal resolutions, as well as the taxonomic/ ecosystem scope to be measured.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e94590

Authors: Serena Rasconi, Hans-Peter Grossart, Alena Gsell, Bastiaan Willem Ibelings, Dedmer van de Waal, Ramsy Agha, Ariola Bacu, Maija Balode, Meryem Beklioğlu, Maja Berden Zrimec, Florina Botez, Tom Butler, Slawomir Cerbin, Angela Cortina, Michael Cunliffe, Thijs Frenken, Esther Garcés, Laura Gjyli, Yonatan Golan, Tiago Guerra, Ayis Iacovides, Antonio Idà, Maiko Kagami, Veljo Kisand, Jovica Leshoski, Pini Marco, Natasa Mazalica, Takeshi Miki, Maria Iasmina Moza, Sigrid Neuhauser, Deniz Özkundakci, Kristel Panksep, Suzana Patcheva, Branka Pestoric, Maya Petrova Stoyneva, Diogo Pinto, Juergen Polle, Carmen Postolache, Joaquín Pozo Dengra, Albert Reñé, Pavel Rychtecky, Dirk S. Schmeller, Bettina Scholz, Géza Selmeczy, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Kálmán Tapolczai, Orhideja Tasevska, Ivana Trbojevic, Blagoy Uzunov, Silke Van den Wyngaert, Ellen van Donk, Marieke Vanthoor, Elizabeta Veljanoska Sarafiloska, Susie Wood, Petr Znachor

Abstract: Zoosporic parasites (i.e. fungi and fungi-like aquatic microorganisms) constitute important drivers of natural populations, causing severe host mortality. Economic impacts of parasitic diseases are notable in the microalgae biotech industry, affecting production of food ingredients, biofuels, pharma- and nutraceuticals.While scientific research on this topic is gaining traction by increasing studies elucidating the functional role of zoosporic parasites in natural ecosystems, we are currently lacking integrated and interdisciplinary efforts for effectively detecting and controlling parasites in the microalgae industry. To fill this gap we propose to establish an innovative, dynamic European network connecting scientists, industries and stakeholders to optimize information exchange, equalize access to resources and to develop a joint research agenda. ParAqua aims at compiling and making available all information on the occurrence of zoosporic parasites and their relationship with hosts, elucidate drivers and evaluate impacts of parasitism in natural and man-made aquatic environments. We aim to implement new tools for monitoring and prevention of infections, and to create protocols and a Decision Support Tool for detecting and controlling parasites in the microalgae biotech production. Applied knowledge on zoosporic parasites can feed back from industry to ecology, and we therefore will explore whether the developed tools can be applied for monitoring lakes and reservoirs. Short-Term Scientific Missions and Training Schools will be organised specifically for early stage scientists and managers – with a specific focus on ITC – with the aim to share and integrate both scientific and applied expertise and increase exchange between basic and applied researchers and stakeholders.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e84517

Authors: Hannah Moersberger, Juliette G. C. Martin, Jessi Junker, Ivelina Georgieva, Silke Bauer, Pedro Beja, Tom Breeze, Lluís Brotons, Helge Bruelheide, Néstor Fernández, Miguel Fernandez, Ute Jandt, Christian Langer, Anne Lyche Solheim, Joachim Maes, Francisco Moreira, Guy Pe'er, Joana Santana, Judy Shamoun-Baranes, Bruno Smets, Jose Valdez, Ian McCallum, Henrique M. Pereira, Aletta Bonn

Abstract: In this report, we present the analysis of the different available biodiversity data streams at the EU and national level, both baseline biodiversity data and monitoring data. We assess how these biodiversity data inform and trigger policy action and identify the related challenges the different European countries and relevant EU agencies face and the solutions to overcome them. To do this, we consulted with more than 350 expert stakeholders from policy, research and practice. The assessment identified a fragmented biodiversity data landscape that cannot currently easily answer all relevant policy questions. Quantity and quality of biodiversity baseline datasets differ for the different countries, ranging from non-existent biodiversity monitoring due to capacity issues, to regular monitoring of ecosystem processes and state. By engaging stakeholders and experts in both member states and non-member states and from several EU bodies, we identified key challenges and ways to address these with targeted solutions towards building a joint European Biodiversity Monitoring Network. Solutions include focussing on cooperation and coordination, enhanced data standardisation and sharing, as well as the use of models and new technologies. These solutions can however only be realised with dedicated funding and capacity building, in coordination with all stakeholders in partnership.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e81207

Authors: Henrique M. Pereira, Jessi Junker, Néstor Fernández, Joachim Maes, Pedro Beja, Aletta Bonn, Tom Breeze, Lluís Brotons, Helge Bruelheide, Marcel Buchhorn, César Capinha, Cher Chow, Karolin Dietrich, Maria Dornelas, Grégoire Dubois, Miguel Fernandez, Mark Frenzel, Nikolai Friberg, Steffen Fritz, Ivelina Georgieva, Anne Gobin, Carlos Guerra, Sigrid Haande, Sergi Herrando, Ute Jandt, W. Daniel Kissling, Ingolf Kühn, Christian Langer, Camino Liquete, Anne Lyche Solheim, David Martí, Juliette G. C. Martin, Annett Masur, Ian McCallum, Marit Mjelde, Jannicke Moe, Hannah Moersberger, Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez, Francisco Moreira, Martin Musche, Laetitia M. Navarro, Alberto Orgiazzi, Robert Patchett, Lyubomir Penev, Joan Pino, Gabriela Popova, Simon Potts, Anna Ramon, Leonard Sandin, Joana Santana, Anna Sapundzhieva, Linda See, Judy Shamoun-Baranes, Bruno Smets, Pavel Stoev, Leho Tedersoo, Liis Tiimann, Jose Valdez, Sara Vallecillo, Roy H. A. Van Grunsven, Ruben Van De Kerchove, Dani Villero, Piero Visconti, Claudia Weinhold, Annika M. Zuleger

Abstract: Observations are key to understand the drivers of biodiversity loss, and the impacts on ecosystem services and ultimately on people. Many EU policies and initiatives demand unbiased, integrated and regularly updated biodiversity and ecosystem service data. However, efforts to monitor biodiversity are spatially and temporally fragmented, taxonomically biased, and lack integration in Europe. EuropaBON aims to bridge this gap by designing an EU-wide framework for monitoring biodiversity and ecosystem services. EuropaBON harnesses the power of modelling essential variables to integrate different reporting streams, data sources, and monitoring schemes. These essential variables provide consistent knowledge about multiple dimensions of biodiversity change across space and time. They can then be analyzed and synthesized to support decision-making at different spatial scales, from the sub-national to the European scale, through the production of indicators and scenarios. To develop essential biodiversity and ecosystem variables workflows that are policy relevant, EuropaBON is built around stakeholder engagement and knowledge exchange (WP2). EuropaBON will work with stakeholders to identify user and policy needs for biodiversity monitoring and investigate the feasibility of setting up a center to coordinate monitoring activities across Europe (WP2). Together with stakeholders, EuropaBON will assess current monitoring efforts to identify gaps, data and workflow bottlenecks, and analyse cost-effectiveness of different schemes (WP3). This will be used to co-design improved monitoring schemes using novel technologies to become more representative temporally, spatially and taxonomically, delivering multiple benefits to users and society (WP4). Finally, EuropaBON will demonstrate in a set of showcases how workflows tailored to the Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, Water Framework Directive, Climate and Restoration Policy, and the Bioeconomy Strategy, can be implemented (WP5).

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70983

Authors: Blánaid White, Fiona Regan, Miguel Caetano, German Rodriguez, Iratxe Mentxaka, Joana Larreta, Maria Jesus Belzunce, Florence Menet-Nedelec, Isabelle Amouroux, Jean-Louis Gonzalez, Stephane Guesdon, Philippe Bersuder, Thi Bolam, Barbara Marras, Marco Schintu, Natalia Montero, Margarida Correia dos Santos, Craig D. Robinson, Brendan McHugh, Gary R. Fones, Hao Zhang

Abstract: This good practice guide is focused on the DGT devices, which are the most widely used passive sampler for metals, covering the following aspects:■ Principle■ Handling passive sampling devices for metals■ Estimation of appropriate field deployment time■ A Good Practice Guide for the Use of DGTs■ Passive sampling device preparation and assembly■ Selection of sampling site and safety precautions■ Passive sampling device deployment and retrieval■ Extraction of analytes from passive sampling devices■ Analysis■ Calculations

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.4.e32449

Authors: Katja Seltmann, Sara Lafia, Deborah Paul, Shelley James, David Bloom, Nelson Rios, Shari Ellis, Una Farrell, Jessica Utrup, Michael Yost, Edward Davis, Rob Emery, Gary Motz, Julien Kimmig, Vaughn Shirey, Emily Sandall, Daniel Park, Christopher Tyrrell, R. Sean Thackurdeen, Matthew Collins, Vincent O'Leary, Heather Prestridge, Christopher Evelyn, Ben Nyberg

Abstract: Georeferencing is the process of aligning a text description of a geographic location with a spatial location based on a geographic coordinate system. Training aids are commonly created around the georeferencing process to disseminate community standards and ideas, guide accurate georeferencing, inform users about new tools, and help users evaluate existing geospatial data. The Georeferencing for Research Use (GRU) workshop was implemented as a training aid that focused on the creation and research use of geospatial coordinates, and included both data researchers and data providers, to facilitate communication between the groups. The workshop included 23 participants with a wide background of expertise ranging from students (undergraduate and graduate), professors, researchers and educators, scientific data managers, natural history collections personnel, and spatial analyst specialists. The conversations and survey results from this workshop demonstrate that it is important to provide opportunities for biocollections data providers to interact directly with the researchers using the data they produce and vice versa.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.4.e29766

Authors: Kiran Liversage, Maria Byrne

Abstract: The asterinid seastars Parvulastra parvivipara and P. vivipara share atypical viviparous reproductive modes that have made them of interest for research on life-history evolution and population genetics. This article briefly reviews life-history traits of these endemic Australian species and information on distribution and rarity, as well as providing some additional new analysis. Almost exclusive self-fertilisation has led to extreme genetic poverty in both species and viviparity limits dispersal potential causing relatively small geographical ranges. There is some evidence that the number of intertidal boulder-fields harbouring P. parvivipara, and the overall geographical range, may have become reduced in recent years. In addition, approximately 25 % of boulder-fields with P. parvivipara have been colonised by invasive oysters (Magallana gigas). To understand potential effects of oysters on P. parvivipara, we tested for correlations between P. parvivipara abundances and cover of oyster encrustations that included this invader (native + non-native oyster shells were assessed together because they produced similar encrustations and largely could not be differentiated). Linear regression showed no evidence, however, for any correlation. For P. vivipara, population survey data from the mid 1970’s to present shows marked decline in areas of previous abundance. Parallel with this decline, the boulder habitat has experienced infill and siltation and cementing of the substratum by M. gigas, sponges and other encrusters as well as anoxia. Important future research outcomes on consequences of atypical life-history traits may be allowed by continued research on these seastars but only if their populations are able to persist within the small number of boulder-fields where they occur. Current trends may indicate a need for conservation intervention.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.4.e24224

Authors: Annalisa Minelli, Alessandro Oggioni, Alessandra Pugnetti, Alessandro Sarretta, Mauro Bastianini, Caterina Bergami, Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry, Elisa Camatti, Tiziano Scovacricchi, Giorgio Socal

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.3.e21774

Authors: Thibault Datry, Gabriel Singer, Eric Sauquet, Dídac Jorda-Capdevila, Daniel Von Schiller, Rachel Stubbington, Claire Magand, Petr Pařil, Marko Miliša, Vicenç Acuña, Maria Helena Alves, Bénédicte Augeard, Matthias Brunke, Núria Cid, Zoltán Csabai, Judy England, Jochen Froebrich, Phoebe Koundouri, Nicolas Lamouroux, Eugènia Martí, Manuela Morais, Antoni Munné, Michael Mutz, Vladimir Pesic, Ana Previšić, Arnaud Reynaud, Christopher Robinson, Jonathan Sadler, Nikos Skoulikidis, Benoit Terrier, Klement Tockner, David Vesely, Annamaria Zoppini

Abstract: More than half of the global river network is composed of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), which are expanding in response to climate change and increasing water demands. After years of obscurity, the science of IRES has bloomed recently and it is being recognised that IRES support a unique and high biodiversity, provide essential ecosystem services and are functionally part of river networks and groundwater systems. However, they still lack protective and adequate management, thereby jeopardizing water resources at the global scale. This Action brings together hydrologists, biogeochemists, ecologists, modellers, environmental economists, social researchers and stakeholders from 14 different countries to develop a research network for synthesising the fragmented, recent knowledge on IRES, improving our understanding of IRES and translating this into a science-based, sustainable management of river networks. Deliverables will be provided through i) research workshops synthesising and addressing key challenges in IRES science, supporting research exchange and educating young researchers, and ii) researcher-stakeholder workshops translating improved knowledge into tangible tools and guidelines for protecting IRES and raising awareness of their importance and value in societal and decision-maker spheres. This Action is organized within six Working Groups to address: (i) the occurrence, distribution and hydrological trends of IRES; (ii) the effects of flow alterations on IRES functions and services; (iii) the interaction of aquatic and terrestrial biogeochemical processes at catchment scale; (iv) the biomonitoring of the ecological status of IRES; (v) synergies in IRES research at the European scale, data assemblage and sharing; (vi) IRES management and advocacy training.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.3.e21074

Authors: David Rose, Prue Addison, Malcolm Ausden, Leon Bennun, Craig Mills, Stephanie O’Donnell, Caroline Parker, Melanie Ryan, Lauren Weatherdon, Katherine Despot-Belmonte, William Sutherland, Rebecca Robertson

Abstract: A workshop held at the University of Cambridge in May 2017 brought developers, researchers, knowledge brokers, and users together to discuss user-centred design of decision support tools. Decision support tools are designed to take users through logical decision steps towards an evidence-informed final decision. Although they may exist in different forms, including on paper, decision support tools are generally considered to be computer- (online, software) or app-based. Studies have illustrated the potential value of decision support tools for conservation, and there are several papers describing the design of individual tools. Rather less attention, however, has been placed on the desirable characteristics for use, and even less on whether tools are actually being used in practice. This is concerning because if tools are not used by their intended end user, for example a policy-maker or practitioner, then its design will have wasted resources. Based on an analysis of papers on tool use in conservation, there is a lack of social science research on improving design, and relatively few examples where users have been incorporated into the design process. Evidence from other disciplines, particularly human-computer interaction research, illustrates that involving users throughout the design of decision support tools increases the relevance, usability, and impact of systems. User-centred design of tools is, however, seldom mentioned in the conservation literature. The workshop started the necessary process of bringing together developers and users to share knowledge about how to conduct good user-centred design of decision support tools. This will help to ensure that tools are usable and make an impact in conservation policy and practice.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.3.e14811

Authors: Ana Cristina Cardoso, Konstantinos Tsiamis, Eugenio Gervasini, Sven Schade, Fabio Taucer, Tim Adriaens, Kyle Copas, Spyridon Flevaris, Philippe Galiay, Eleanor Jennings, Melanie Josefsson, Bernat López, John Magan, Elizabete Marchante, Elena Montani, Helen Roy, René von Schomberg, Linda See, Mafalda Quintas

Abstract: Invasive Alien Species (IAS) are a growing threat to Europe's biodiversity. The implementation of European Union Regulation on IAS can benefit from the involvement of the public in IAS recording and management through Citizen Science (CS) initiatives. Aiming to tackle issues related with the use of CS projects on IAS topics, a dedicated workshop titled “Citizen Science and Open Data: a model for Invasive Alien Species in Europe” was organized by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST Association). Fifty key stakeholders from all Europe, including two Members of the European Parliament, attended the workshop. With a clear focus on IAS, the workshop aimed at addressing the following issues: a) CS and policy, b) citizen engagement, and c) CS data management. Nine short presentations provided input on CS and IAS issues. Participants discussed specific topics in several round tables (“world café” style) and reported back their conclusions to the audience and full assembly moderated discussions. Overall, the workshop enabled the sharing of ideas, approaches and best practices regarding CS and IAS. Specific opportunities and pitfalls of using CS data in the whole policy cycle for IAS were recognized. Concerning the implementation of the IAS Regulation, CS data could complement official surveillance systems, and contribute to the early warning of the IAS of Union concern after appropriate validation by the Member States’ competent authorities. CS projects can additionally increase awareness and empower citizens. Attendees pointed out the importance for further public engagement in CS projects on IAS that demonstrate specific initiatives and approaches and analyze lessons learned from past experiences. In addition, the workshop noted that the data gathered from different CS projects on IAS are fragmented. It highlighted the need for using an open and accessible platform to upload data originating from CS sources or to mirror validated data into a single, easy-to-use web service, in line with the EU Open Science Strategic Priority. The workshop provided ten key recommendations of best practices for CS projects on IAS, addressed to researchers, policy makers and implementing authorities, indicating future research and policy directions and opportunities.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.3.e13820

Authors: Timm Schoening, Jennifer Durden, Inken Preuss, Alexandra Branzan Albu, Autun Purser, Bart De Smet, Carlos Dominguez-Carrió, Chris Yesson, Daniëlle de Jonge, Dhugal Lindsay, Jan Schulz, Klas Ove Möller, Kolja Beisiegel, Linda Kuhnz, Maia Hoeberechts, Nils Piechaud, Stephanie Sharuga, Tali Treibitz

Abstract: Marine optical imaging has become a major assessment tool in science, policy and public understanding of our seas and oceans. Methodology in this field is developing rapidly, including hardware, software and the ways of their application. The aim of the Marine Imaging Workshop (MIW) is to bring together academics, research scientists and engineers, as well as industrial partners to discuss these developments, along with applications, challenges and future directions. The first MIW was held in Southampton, UK in April 2014. The second MIW, held in Kiel, Germany, in 2017 involved more than 100 attendees, who shared the latest developments in marine imaging through a combination of traditional oral and poster presentations, interactive sessions and focused discussion sessions. This article summarises the topics addressed during the workshop, particularly the outcomes of these discussion sessions for future reference and to make the workshop results available to the open public.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.3.e11884

Authors: Stelios Katsanevakis, Peter Mackelworth, Marta Coll, Simonetta Fraschetti, Vesna Mačić, Sylvaine Giakoumi, Peter Jones, Noam Levin, Paolo Albano, Fabio Badalamenti, Ruth Brennan, Joachim Claudet, Dubravko Culibrk, Giovanni D'Anna, Alan Deidun, Athanasios Evagelopoulos, José García-Charton, David Goldsborough, Draško Holcer, Carlos Jimenez, Salit Kark, Thomas Sørensen, Bojan Lazar, Georg Martin, Antonios Mazaris, Fiorenza Micheli, E.J. Milner-Gulland, Carlo Pipitone, Michelle Portman, Fabio Pranovi, Gil Rilov, Robert Smith, Vanessa Stelzenmüller, Ioannis Vogiatzakis, Gidon Winters

Abstract: Cumulative human impacts have led to the degradation of marine ecosystems and the decline of biodiversity in the European and contiguous seas. Effective conservation measures are urgently needed to reverse these trends. Conservation must entail societal choices, underpinned by human values and worldviews that differ between the countries bordering these seas. Social, economic and political heterogeneity adds to the challenge of balancing conservation with sustainable use of the seas. Comprehensive macro-regional coordination is needed to ensure effective conservation of marine ecosystems and biodiversity of this region. Under the European Union Horizon 2020 framework programme, the MarCons COST action aims to promote collaborative research to support marine management, conservation planning and policy development. This will be achieved by developing novel methods and tools to close knowledge gaps and advance marine conservation science. This action will provide support for the development of macro-regional and national policies through six key actions: to develop tools to analyse cumulative human impacts; to identify critical scientific and technical gaps in conservation efforts; to improve the resilience of the marine environment to global change and biological invasions; to develop frameworks for integrated conservation planning across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments; to coordinate marine conservation policy across national boundaries; and to identify effective governance approaches for marine protected area management. Achieving the objectives of these actions will facilitate the integration of marine conservation policy into macro-regional maritime spatial planning agendas for the European and contiguous seas, thereby offsetting the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in this region.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.2.e11563

Authors: Veljo Runnel, Florian Wetzel, Quentin Groom, Wouter Koch, Israel Pe’er, Nils Valland, Emmanouela Panteri, Urmas Kõljalg

Abstract: Citizen science is an approach of public participation in scientific research which has gained significant momentum in recent years. This is particularly evident in biology and environmental sciences where input from citizen scientists has greatly increased the number of publicly available observation data. However, there are still challenges in effective networking, data sharing and securing data quality. EU BON project has analyzed the citizen science landscape in Europe with regards to biodiversity research and proposes several policy recommendations. One of the recommendations is a Pan-European citizen science gateway for biodiversity data with dedicated tools for data collection and management. The prototypes of the gateway components are part of the EU BON biodiversity portal and described in current report.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.2.e11321

Authors: Florian Leese, Florian Altermatt, Agnès Bouchez, Torbjørn Ekrem, Daniel Hering, Kristian Meissner, Patricia Mergen, Jan Pawlowski, Jeremy Piggott, Frédéric Rimet, Dirk Steinke, Pierre Taberlet, Alexander Weigand, Kessy Abarenkov, Pedro Beja, Lieven Bervoets, Snaedís Björnsdóttir, Pieter Boets, Angela Boggero, Atle Bones, Ángel Borja, Kat Bruce, Vojislava Bursić, Jens Carlsson, Fedor Čiampor, Zuzana Čiamporová-Zatovičová, Eric Coissac, Filipe Costa, Marieta Costache, Simon Creer, Zoltán Csabai, Kristy Deiner, Ángel DelValls, Stina Drakare, Sofia Duarte, Tina Eleršek, Stefano Fazi, Cene Fišer, Jean-François Flot, Vera Fonseca, Diego Fontaneto, Michael Grabowski, Wolfram Graf, Jóhannes Guðbrandsson, Micaela Hellström, Yaron Hershkovitz, Peter Hollingsworth, Bella Japoshvili, John Jones, Maria Kahlert, Belma Kalamujic Stroil, Panagiotis Kasapidis, Martyn Kelly, Mary Kelly-Quinn, Emre Keskin, Urmas Kõljalg, Zrinka Ljubešić, Irena Maček, Elvira Mächler, Andrew Mahon, Marketa Marečková, Maja Mejdandzic, Georgina Mircheva, Matteo Montagna, Christian Moritz, Vallo Mulk, Andreja Naumoski, Ion Navodaru, Judit Padisák, Snæbjörn Pálsson, Kristel Panksep, Lyubomir Penev, Adam Petrusek, Martin Pfannkuchen, Craig Primmer, Baruch Rinkevich, Ana Rotter, Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber, Pedro Segurado, Arjen Speksnijder, Pavel Stoev, Malin Strand, Sigitas Šulčius, Per Sundberg, Michael Traugott, Costas Tsigenopoulos, Xavier Turon, Alice Valentini, Berry van der Hoorn, Gábor Várbíró, Marlen Vasquez Hadjilyra, Javier Viguri, Irma Vitonytė, Alfried Vogler, Trude Vrålstad, Wolfgang Wägele, Roman Wenne, Anne Winding, Guy Woodward, Bojana Zegura, Jonas Zimmermann

Abstract: The protection, preservation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems and their functions are of global importance. For European states it became legally binding mainly through the EU-Water Framework Directive (WFD). In order to assess the ecological status of a given water body, aquatic biodiversity data are obtained and compared to a reference water body. The quantified mismatch obtained determines the extent of potential management actions. The current approach to biodiversity assessment is based on morpho-taxonomy. This approach has many drawbacks such as being time consuming, limited in temporal and spatial resolution, and error-prone due to the varying individual taxonomic expertise of the analysts. Novel genomic tools can overcome many of the aforementioned problems and could complement or even replace traditional bioassessment. Yet, a plethora of approaches are independently developed in different institutions, thereby hampering any concerted routine application. The goal of this Action is to nucleate a group of researchers across disciplines with the task to identify gold-standard genomic tools and novel eco-genomic indices for routine application in biodiversity assessments of European fresh- and marine water bodies. Furthermore, DNAqua-Net will provide a platform for training of the next generation of European researchers preparing them for the new technologies. Jointly with water managers, politicians, and other stakeholders, the group will develop a conceptual framework for the standard application of eco-genomic tools as part of legally binding assessments.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.2.e10528

Authors: Adrian Glover, Thomas Dahlgren, Sergio Taboada, Gordon Paterson, Helena Wiklund, Andrea Waeschenbach, Amber Cobley, Pedro Martínez, Stefanie Kaiser, Sarah Schnurr, Sahar Khodami, Uwe Raschka, Daniel Kersken, Heiko Stuckas, Lenaick Menot, Paulo Bonifacio, Ann Vanreusel, Lara Macheriotou, Marina Cunha, Ana Hilário, Clara Rodrigues, Ana Colaço, Pedro Ribeiro, Magdalena Błażewicz, Andrew Gooday, Daniel Jones, David Billett, Aurélie Goineau, Diva Amon, Craig Smith, Tasnim Patel, Kirsty McQuaid, Ralph Spickermann, Stefan Brager

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.2.e10451

Authors: Vasilis Gerovasileiou, Alejandro Martínez, Fernando Álvarez, Geoff Boxshall, William F. Humphreys, Damià Jaume, Leontine E. Becking, Guilherme Muricy, Peter J. van Hengstum, Stefanie Dekeyzer, Wim Decock, Bart Vanhoorne, Leen Vandepitte, Nicolas Bailly, Thomas M. Iliffe

Abstract: Scientific exploration of marine cave environments and anchialine ecosystems over recent decades has led to outstanding discoveries of novel taxa, increasing our knowledge of biodiversity. However, biological research on underwater caves has taken place only in a few areas of the world and relevant information remains fragmented in isolated publications and databases. This fragmentation makes assessing the conservation status of marine cave species especially problematic, and this issue should be addressed urgently given the stresses resulting from planned and rampant development in the coastal zone worldwide. The goal of the World Register of marine Cave Species (WoRCS) initiative is to create a comprehensive taxonomic and ecological database of known species from marine caves and anchialine systems worldwide and to present this as a Thematic Species Database (TSD) of the World Register of marine Species (WoRMS). WoRCS will incorporate ecological data (e.g., type of environment, salinity regimes, and cave zone) as well as geographical information on the distribution of species in cave and anchialine environments. Biodiversity data will be progressively assembled from individual database sources at regional, national or local levels, as well as from literature sources (estimate: >20,000 existing records of cave-dwelling species scattered in several databases). Information will be organized in the WoRCS database following a standard glossary based on existing terminology. Cave-related information will be managed by the WoRCS thematic editors with all data dynamically linked to WoRMS and its team of taxonomic editors. In order to mobilize data into global biogeographic databases, a Gazetteer of the Marine and Anchialine Caves of the World will be established. The presence records of species could be eventually georeferenced for submission to the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) and constitute an important dataset for biogeographical and climate change studies on marine caves and anchialine systems.

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.2.e8827

Authors: Jennifer McWhorter, Darren Wright, Julie Thomas

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DOI: 10.3897/rio.2.e8600

Authors: Florian Wetzel, Anke Hoffmann, Christoph Häuser, Katrin Vohland

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