;;;;;;;; Institute;Collection type;Collection size: category 1: < 100 specimens, 2: > 100 but < 500, 3: > 500;Stratigraphy/Age;Geographical scale ;Life prior and/or after ;Remarks ;; Climate Change ;;;;;;;; SMNS Stuttgart ;Quaternary mammals;3;Pleistocene, Holstein and Riá;Global;Yes, Transition;Change in climate from Holstein interglacial to Riá glaciation;; SMNS Stuttgart ; Quaternary mammals;3;Pleistocene, Eem/Wrm;Global;Yes;Change from Eem interglacial (last big interglacial) to Wrm glaciation. Mainly mammalian megafauna from Upper Rhine Graben;; Earthquakes ;;;;;;;; SMNS Stuttgart; Jurassic invertebrates;3;Late Jurassic;Regional;Yes;Turbidites in lagoonal sediments of Nusplingen;; Estonian geological collections ;samples from slumping beds;2;Ordovician;Regional;Yes;N/A;; Flood Events;;;;;;;; Hungarian NHM;Fossil vertebrate, Fossil plants;3, 2;Late Cretaceous/Santonian;Local;During event;Ihark£t, Hungary;; Hungarian NHM;Vertebrate;1;late Miocene;Local;During event;Baltav r, Hungary ;; Hungarian NHM ;Fossil plants;1;late Miocene;Local;Prior;Bkk br ny, Hungary ;; SMNS Stuttgart ; Quaternary mammals;3;Pleistocene, Holstein and Riá;Regional;Yes, mainly after;From Germany, Includes human cranium (Homo steinheimensis);; SMNS Stuttgart ;Mammals and Cenozoic invertebrates;3;middle Miocene;Regional;Life after;Flood plain of the Untere Sáwassermolasse, Ulm-Westtangente, Germany;; Impact Events;;;;;;;; MfN Berlin;Impactite collection;3;Miocene;Regional;No;N”rdlinger Ries (14,6 Ma), Germany;; MfN Berlin ;Impactite collection;2;Eocene;Regional;No;Popigai (36 Ma), Russia;; MfN Berlin ;Impactite collection;2;Jurassic/Cretaceous;Regional;No;Morokweng (145 Ma) ;; MfN Berlin ;Fossil Fish collection;1;Miocene;Regional;Yes;fishes from Steinheim Crater (14.6 Ma);; "Estonian geological collections (national consortium; http://geocollections.info)";Samples from impact breccias and adjacent sedimentary rocks;2;Ordovician;Regional;Yes;;; NHM London;Meteorites;1;Unknown;Regional;No;N/A;; NHM, London;Palaeontology -spores;3;Famennian;Regional;Yes;;; NHM Prague;Tektites ;3;Miocene;regional;No;;; National Museum of Natural Science Madrid;Fossil Invertebrates;1;Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary;Regional;Yes;Fax”e, Denmark;; NHM Sweden;Tektites ;2;Various ages ;Various impacts;No;N/A;; NRM, GEO;Impactites;1;Various ages ;Regional ;No;N/A;; SMNS Stuttgart;Cenozoic invertebrates;3;middle Miocene;Regional;Yes, roughly, but stratigraphic knowledge is poor;Steinheim Basin, Swabian Alb, Baden-Wrttemberg;; NHM Vienna ;Impactite collection (proximal);1;Miocene;Regional;No;N”rdlinger Ries (14.6 Ma), Germany ;; NHM Vienna ;Impactite collection (proximal);1;Late Triassic;Regional;No;Rochechouart (206.9 Ma), France;; NHM Vienna ;Impactite collection (proximal);1;Proterozoic;Regional;No;Vredefort (2023 Ma), South Africa ;; NHM Vienna ;Impactite collection (proximal);1;Pliocene;Regional;No;El'gygytgyn (3.5 Ma), Russia;; NHM Vienna ;Impactite collection (distal - tektites);3;Pleistocene;Regional;No;From the Australasian strewnfield (0.77?0.78 Ma);; NHM Vienna ;Impactite collection (distal - tektites);3;Miocene;Regional;No;From the Central European strewnfield (14.6 Ma);; NHM Vienna ;Impactite collection (distal - tektites);1;Pleistocene;Regional;No;From the Ivory Coast strewnfield (1 Ma);; NHM Vienna ;Impactite collection (distal - tektites);1;Eocene;Regional;No;From the North American strewnfield (35.5 Ma);; MfN Berlin ;Impactite collection;2;Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary;Global;No;Chicxulub (65 Ma);; NHM, London;Palaeontology -sharks;2;Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary;Global;Yes;;; NHM, London;Micropalaeontology;1;Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary;Global;Yes;;; NHM, London;Palaeontology -various inverts mainly molluscs;2;Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary;Global;Yes;;; NHM Sweden ;Invertebrate fossils, Faxe, Denmark;3;Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary;Global;Yes;;; NHM Sweden;Invertebrate fossils, Limnham, Sweden;3;Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary;Global;Yes ;;; Marine Anoxia;;;;;;;; NHM Vienna ;Systematic;3;middle Miocene (Badenioan);Regional;Yes;The sedimentology and taphonomy of the fish-bearing layers of St. Margarethen (Burgenland/Austria) suggests repeated anoxia, which killed off large parts of the benthos and allowed preservation of numerous fish fossils.;; Hungarian Natural History Museum;Vertebrate;1;Early Jurassic/Toarcian;Regional;During event;Holzmaden;; CeNak/Institute of Geology, Hamburg University;Core samples from Baltic Sea, IODP Expedition 347;2;Holocene;Regional ;Yes;Samples for micropalaeontological/palynological analyses;; CeNak/Institute of Geology, Hamburg University;Core samples from Mediterranean sapropels;2;Holocene;Regional ;Yes;Samples for micropalaeontological/palynological analyses;; NHM Pragues ;Palaeontology samples;3;Silurian;Global;Yes;;; NHM, London;Micropalaeontology;2;Toarcian;Global;Yes;;; SMNS Stuttgart;Mesozoic vertebrates;1;Late Triassic;Global;No;Carnian Pluvial Event - Fishes from Raibl, Austria;; SMNS Stuttgart ;Mesozoic vertebrates;3;Early Jurassic/Early Toarcian;Global;Yes;Posidoniashale;; NHM Sweden;Ammonites, Brazil;3;Late Cretaceous;Global;Yes;;; Palaeozoology section, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden (SNSD);Body fossils from Toarcian black shales (Posidonienschiefer Formation of southern Germany);1;Early Jurassic, Toarcian Stage;Global;Yes;Vertebrate and invertebrate fossils;; Palaeozoology section, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden (SNSD);Body fossils from uppermost Cenomanian to lowermost Turonian black shales (Hesseltal and Bren formations of northern Germany);1;Cenomanian-Turonian boundary interval (early Late Cretaceous);Global;Yes;Mainly invertebrate fossils;; Senckenberg Frankfurt - Section Historical Geology and Facies ;Conodont collection;2;Devonian;Global;Yes;Different collections which cover the Frasne/Famenne event;; Senckenberg Frankfurt - Section Historical Geology and Facies ;Conodont collection;2;Devonian/Carboniferous;Global;Yes;Collections which cover the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary;; NHM Vienna ;Systematic;3;Late Triassic (Karnian);Global;Yes;The ammonite mass occurrence from A?a?iyaylabel locality (Taurus Mountains, southwest Turkey) witnes the environmental crises during the Carnian Pluvial event.;; Marine Salinity ;;;;;;;; NHM Crete ;Turolian Cretan fauna, Messinian evapourites ;1;Messinian;Regional;Life Prior, N/A;;; Storms ;;;;;;;; SMNS, Stuttgart;Collection of Triassic invertebrates and Muschelkalk vertebrates;3;Middle Triassic;Regional;Yes;Epicontinental Muschelkalk sea;; SMNS, Stuttgart;Collection of Cenozoic invertebrates;3;middle Miocene;Regional;Yes;Obere Meeresmolasse, Erminger Turritellenplatte;; Tsunamis ;;;;;;;; Fossilienwelt Weinviertel;Geopark;3;Lower Miocene (Karpatian);regional;Yes;The geopark Fossilienwelt exposes the largest fossil oyster reef. The structure of the shell bed suggets the formation by a tsunami.;; Volcanic Events ;;;;;;;; MfN Berlin ;Regional rock collection;2;Quaternary;Regional;No;Campi Flegrei and Vesuv/Monte Somma volcanic complex;; MfN Berlin ;Regional rock collection;2;Quaternary;Regional;No;Laacher See caldera (10930 v. Chr.);; MfN Berlin ;Geological collection;2;Permian;?;No;volcanic rocks from the Rotliegend-volcanism in Thuringia/Germany;; NHM Crete ;Giali opsidian;1;Holocene;Regional; - ;Nisyros volcanic eruption;; NHM Crete ;Santorini fossil flora;1;Holocene;Regional;Life prior;Great Santorini eruption;; NHM Crete ;Santorini volcanic rocks;1;Holocene;Regional; - ;Great Santorini eruption;; NHM Crete ;Lesvos petrified flora;1;early Miocene;Regional;Life prior;Lesvos volcanic eruptions;; "Estonian geological collections (national consortium; http://geocollections.info)";Samples from ash beds (bentonites) and adjacent sedimentary rock layers, microfossil collections documenting changes across the ashes;3;Ordovician, Silurian;Regional, potentially global;Yes;;; NHM London;Petrology - pumice;2;Recent;Regional;No;Plinian volcanic eruptions;; NHM, London;Petrology - various;2;Recent;Regional;No;;; Hungarian NHM ;Fossil plants;3;early Miocene;Local;Both;Ipolytarn¢c, Hungary ;; MNCN-CSIC Madrid;Geology;2;;Regional;No;Volcanic rocks from the Canary Islands, Ciudad Real, and Girona. Some, from Italy (Vesuvio, Lipari islands) and Mexico.;; NHM Prague ;Palaeontology samples;3;Pensylvanian (Carboniferous);Regional;Yes;;; NHM Prague ;Palaeontology samples;1;Permian;Regional;Yes;;; NHM Prague;Palaeontology samples;3;Oligocene;Regional;No;;; Senckenberg Research Station for Quaternary Palaeontology Weimar;Plant imprints in tephra;3;Quaternary, Pleistocene, Weichselian, Aller›d;Regional;Plants living prior to the event;Laacher See Tephra;; SMNS Stuttgart ;Collection of Cenozoic invertebrates;3;early/middle Miocene;Regional;No, only after the event;Randeck Maar, Baden-Wrttemberg;; SMNS Stuttgart ;Collection of Cenozoic invertebrates;3;early/middle Miocene;Regional;Yes, mainly after;Randeck Maar, Baden-Wrttemberg;; NHM Sweden;Minerals;3;N/A;Vesuvio, Italy;No;;; NHM Vienna ;Rock collection;1;Quaternary;Local/national (/regional);No;A number of samples from different eruptions worldwide;; Other Hazard and Disaster Events ;;;;;;;; SMNS;Collection of Mesozoic vertebrates;3;Triassic/Jurassic;Global;Yes;;; Hungarian Natural History Museum;Vertebrate;2;Late Pleistocene;Global;Both;Several localities;; NRM, PAL;Invertebrate fossils, Sk†ne, Sweden;3;Permian/Triassic;Global mass extinction;Yes;Global Mass extinction;; NRM, PAL;Plant fossils, Sk†ne, Sweden;3;Permian/Triassic;Global mass extinction;Yes;Global Mass extinction;; NRM, PAL;Plant fossils, Spitsbergen;2;Permian/Triassic;Global mass extinction;Yes;Global Mass extinction;; NRM, PAL;Plant fossils, Spitsbergen/Greenland;3;Permian/Triassic;Global mass extinction;Yes;Global Mass extinction;; SMNS;Collection of Palaeobotany;3;Early Triassic;Global;Life after;Terrestrial aftermath flora with Pleuromeia;; SMNS;Buntsandstein fossils;3;Early Triassic;Global;Life after;(interne Anmerkung: Bedeutung der Grauvogel-Sammlung) Permian Extinction ;; NHMC;Fodele fossils;1;Late Permian;Global;Life Prior;Permian extinction ;; SMNS;Buntsandstein fossils;3;Early Triassic;Global;Life after;Permian extinction ;; NRM, PAL;Palynologic slides;2;Triassic/Jurassic;Global mass extinction;Yes;Triassic/Jurassic extinction ;; Senckenberg Frankfurt - GeoArchiv;Fossils and sedimentary rock samples;2;Carboniferous up to Miocene;Regional;Yes;Samples with evidence for palaeo-wildfires (i.e. charcoal and inertinites) from numerous localities worldwide;; Royal Museum for Central Africa;Natural hazards;3;Holocene ??;Local, national, regional scales;Many people killed or injured ;"Mudflow ; Lava flow ; Ground deformation ; Epidemics ; Erosion (soil- river bank-gully) ; Volcanic eruption ; Famine (Crop failure) ; Famine (Food shortage) ; Lightning ; Toxic gaz ; Landslides ; Hail ; Flood ; Intense rainfall ; Drought; Seism; Thunder-storm; tornado; Tsunami; Severe winds";; Hungarian Natural History Museum;Micropaleontology and invertebrate;3;Late Triassic;Global;Both;Cs?v r;; NHM, London;Palaeontology -various inverts mainly molluscs;3;Permian-Triassic;Global;Yes;Extinction;; NHM, London;Palaeontology -various inverts mainly molluscs;2;Triassic-Jurassic;Global;Yes;Extinction;; NHM, London;Palaeontology -various inverts mainly molluscs;2;Plienbachian-Toarcian;Global;Yes;Extinction;; NHM, London;Palaeontology -various inverts mainly molluscs;2;Cenomanian-Turonian;Global;Yes;Extinction;; NHM, London;Palaeontology -sharks;2;Cenomanian-Turonian;Global;Yes;Extinction;;