Electromagnetic spectra of plants and ecosystem components with an indication of the underlying biochemistry from (Serbin and Townsend 2020). Specifically, plant pigments, macronutrients, leaf water content and water potential, lignin, cellulose, nonstructural carbohydrates, leaf mass per area, and polyphenols can all be detected spectrally (Homolova et al. 2013, Jetz et al. 2016, Martin 2020, Schweiger et al. 2018). Spectral biology can be applied at the leaf (Jacquemoud and Ustin 2019) or canopy level using proximal, airborne, or spaceborne imaging spectrometers (Schimel et al. 2020, Foerster et al. 2019, Ustin et al. 2009). Note that measurements at leaf and canopy scales are comparable but not equivalent, due to canopy structure and variations in sun-sensor-target illumination geometry. The Institute will work with spectral measurements at leaf and canopy scales, but is not focused on scaling spectra between these scales as with radiative transfer models such as PROSAIL (Jacquemoud et al. 2009). To harmonize spectral data across projects, processing will employ a common workflow regardless of source (see Research Resources).