Figure 1: An overview of the IAS Prototype Digital Twin (IAS pDT) components. Main input data sources include eLTER — the Integrated European Long-Term Ecosystem, critical zone and socio-ecological Research Infrastructure; CHELSA — climatologies at high resolution for the Earth’s land surface areas; CORINE — Coordination of Information on the Environment; GBIF — Global Biodiversity Information Facility; and EASIN — European Alien Species Information Network. See Table 1 for more details. Data workflows are based of the Dynamic Data-Driven Application System (DDDAS) paradigm and all data are available under an Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol (OPeNDAP) cloud server.